Aralbayeva, G., Karipbayev Ж., Умар Зафари, Бакыткызы Айзат, Жунусбеков Амангелди, Кумарбеков Куат and Попов Анатолий 2025. Modeling Defect States and the Role of 4f Electrons in Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂ Using DFT Methods. BULLETIN OF THE L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. PHYSICS. ASTRONOMY SERIES. 152, 3 (Sep. 2025), 169–187. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6836-2025-152-3-169-187.